Для целых чисел возьмите log10 числа, округлите и добавьте единицу.
TEST:
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int
num_digits(unsigned long number)
{
return (int)(floor(log10((double)number)) + 1.0);
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
unsigned long test_numbers[] = {
1, 9, 10, 99, 100, 999, 1000, 9999, 10000, 99999, 100000, 999999,
123456789ul,
999999999ul,
0
};
unsigned long *ptr;
for(ptr = test_numbers; *ptr; ptr++)
{
printf("Number of digits in %lu: %d\n", *ptr, num_digits(*ptr));
}
return 0;
}
Выход:
Number of digits in 1: 1
Number of digits in 9: 1
Number of digits in 10: 2
Number of digits in 99: 2
Number of digits in 100: 3
Number of digits in 999: 3
Number of digits in 1000: 4
Number of digits in 9999: 4
Number of digits in 10000: 5
Number of digits in 99999: 5
Number of digits in 100000: 6
Number of digits in 999999: 6
Number of digits in 123456789: 9
Number of digits in 999999999: 9