Вот моя версия (пока не проверена):
std::vector<std::string> split(std::string const& s,
std::vector<std::string> const& delims)
{
std::vector<std::string> parts;
std::vector<std::pair<std::string::size_type, std::string::size_type>> poss;
poss.reserve(delims.size());
std::string::size_type beg = 0;
for(;;)
{
poss.clear();
std::string::size_type idx = 0;
for(auto const& delim: delims)
{
if(auto end = s.find(delim, beg) + 1)
poss.emplace_back(end - 1, idx);
++idx;
}
if(poss.empty())
break;
std::sort(std::begin(poss), std::end(poss));
auto old_beg = beg;
for(auto pos: poss)
{
parts.emplace_back(std::begin(s) + beg,
std::begin(s) + old_beg + pos.first);
beg = pos.first + delims[pos.second].size();
}
}
if(beg < s.size())
parts.emplace_back(std::begin(s) + beg, std::end(s));
return parts;
}