Хорошо, после некоторого поиска в Google и проб и ошибок я нашел это решение, которое работает довольно хорошо. Используется поставщик System.Data.SQLClient.
Просто укажите строку подключения:
Dim databaseSettings As Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DatabaseSettings
Dim connStringSection As System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection = New System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection()
Dim dictDataSource As Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.DictionaryConfigurationSource
Dim dbProvider As Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DbProviderMapping
Dim dbFactory As DatabaseProviderFactory
Dim database As Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Database
databaseSettings = New Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DatabaseSettings()
connStringSection = New System.Configuration.ConnectionStringsSection()
dictDataSource = New Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration.DictionaryConfigurationSource()
dbProvider = New Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DbProviderMapping(Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DbProviderMapping.DefaultSqlProviderName, GetType(Sql.SqlDatabase))
connStringSection.ConnectionStrings.Add(New System.Configuration.ConnectionStringSettings("DBConnectionString", connectionString, "System.Data.SqlClient"))
databaseSettings.ProviderMappings.Add(dbProvider)
databaseSettings.DefaultDatabase = "DBConnectionString"
'Add Database Settings to Dictionary
dictDataSource.Add(Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data.Configuration.DatabaseSettings.SectionName, databaseSettings)
'Add Connection String to Dictionary
dictDataSource.Add("connectionStrings", connStringSection)
dbFactory = New DatabaseProviderFactory(dictDataSource)
database = dbFactory.Create("DBConnectionString")
database.CreateConnection()
Return database