Вы можете использовать атрибут модели _meta
для получения объекта поля, а из поля вы можете получить отношения и многое другое, например, рассмотреть таблицу сотрудников, которая имеет внешний ключ к таблице отделов
In [1]: from django.db import models
In [2]: model = models.get_model('timeapp', 'Employee')
In [3]: dep_field = model._meta.get_field_by_name('department')
In [4]: dep_field[0].target_field
Out[4]: 'id'
In [5]: dep_field[0].related_model
Out[5]: <class 'timesite.timeapp.models.Department'>
от django/db/models/options.py
def get_field_by_name(self, name):
"""
Returns the (field_object, model, direct, m2m), where field_object is
the Field instance for the given name, model is the model containing
this field (None for local fields), direct is True if the field exists
on this model, and m2m is True for many-to-many relations. When
'direct' is False, 'field_object' is the corresponding RelatedObject
for this field (since the field doesn't have an instance associated
with it).
Uses a cache internally, so after the first access, this is very fast.
"""