Если предположить, что комбинация business_key & date уникальна ....
Рабочий пример (3-й раз - это брелок):
declare @src as table(id int, business_key int,result int,[date] int)
insert into @src
SELECT 1,1,0,9
UNION SELECT 2,1,1,8
UNION SELECT 3,2,1,7
UNION SELECT 4,3,1,6
UNION SELECT 5,4,1,5
UNION SELECT 6,4,0,4
;with bkdate(business_key,[date])
AS
(
select business_key,MAX([date])
from @src
group by business_key
)
select src.* from @src src
inner join bkdate
ON src.[date] = bkdate.date
and src.business_key = bkdate.business_key
order by id