Это решение, которое действительно работает:
XComponentContext xLocalContext = Bootstrap.bootstrap();
XMultiComponentFactory xLocalServiceManager = xLocalContext.getServiceManager();
Object desktop = xLocalServiceManager.createInstanceWithContext("com.sun.star.frame.Desktop", xLocalContext);
XComponentLoader xComponentLoader = (XComponentLoader) UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XComponentLoader.class, desktop);
PropertyValue[] mypv = new PropertyValue[3];
mypv[0] = new PropertyValue();
mypv[0].Name = new String("FilterName");
mypv[0].Value = new String("Text - txt - csv (StarCalc)");
mypv[1] = new PropertyValue();
mypv[1].Name = "Hidden";
mypv[1].Value = new Boolean(false);
mypv[1] = new PropertyValue();
mypv[1].Name = "CharacterSet";
mypv[1].Value = "UTF-8";
mypv[2] = new PropertyValue();
mypv[2].Name = "FilterOptions";
mypv[2].Value = "59,34,0,1,1/1/2/1/3/5";
String internalFile = ExternalUriReferenceTranslator.create(xLocalContext).translateToInternal("file://" + csvFile.getAbsolutePath());
XComponent comp = xComponentLoader.loadComponentFromURL(internalFile, "_parent", 0, mypv);