Это даст вам большую часть того, что вы ищете:
NSWorkspace *ws = [NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace];
NSArray *vols = [ws mountedLocalVolumePaths];
NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
for (NSString *path in vols)
{
NSDictionary* fsAttributes;
NSString *description, *type, *name;
BOOL removable, writable, unmountable, res;
NSNumber *size;
res = [ws getFileSystemInfoForPath:path
isRemovable:&removable
isWritable:&writable
isUnmountable:&unmountable
description:&description
type:&type];
if (!res) continue;
fsAttributes = [fm fileSystemAttributesAtPath:path];
name = [fm displayNameAtPath:path];
size = [fsAttributes objectForKey:NSFileSystemSize];
NSLog(@"path=%@\nname=%@\nremovable=%d\nwritable=%d\nunmountable=%d\n"
"description=%@\ntype=%@, size=%@\n\n",
path, name, removable, writable, unmountable, description, type, size);
}