возможно:
insert into purchases(purchase_id, product_id, price)
select 88, product_id, current_price from product
where product_id = 'KEYB'
для включения текущей скидки:
insert into purchases(purchase_id, product_id, price, discount)
select 88, product_id, current_price, current_discount from product
where product_id = 'KEYB'