Гораздо проще использовать objectsForKeys:notFoundMarker:
для этого
NSDictionary *yourDictionary;
NSArray *sortedKeys = [yourDictionary.allKeys sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:@[[NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"self" ascending:YES]]];
// As we using same keys from dictionary, we can put any non-nil value for the notFoundMarker, because it will never used
NSArray *sortedValues = [yourDictionary objectsForKeys:sortedKeys notFoundMarker:@""];