GDB не сможет предоставить вам готовую диаграмму, но info frame n
даст почти все, что вам нужно:
(gdb) info frame 2
Stack frame at 0x7ffff7fe3fe0:
rip = 0x3cbd806ccb in start_thread (pthread_create.c:301); saved rip 0x3cbd0e0c2d
called by frame at 0x0, caller of frame at 0x7ffff7fe3ed0
source language c.
Arglist at 0x7ffff7fe3ec8, args: arg=0x7ffff7fe4700
Locals at 0x7ffff7fe3ec8, Previous frame's sp is 0x7ffff7fe3fe0
Saved registers:
rbx at 0x7ffff7fe3fd0, rip at 0x7ffff7fe3fd8