Как-то так будет работать, я верю ...
SELECT i.SenderNumber, a.Name, a.Type, i.Message FROM
inbox i
INNER JOIN
(SELECT SpvName as Name, 'contact' as Type, Number FROM contact
UNION
SELECT SpvName as Name, 'sub district' as Type, Number FROM sub_district
UNION
SELECT SpvName as Name, 'district' as Type, Number FROM district
UNION
SELECT SpvName as Name, 'village' as Type, Number FROM village
) a
ON i.SenderNumber = a.Number