Хорошо, немного гугла и работы, которую я придумал:
SELECT
AssetID_1, AssetID_2,
((psum - (sum1 * sum2 / n)) / sqrt((sum1sq - sum1*sum1 / n) * (sum2sq - sum2*sum2 / n))) AS [Correlation Coefficient],
n
FROM
(SELECT
n1.AssetClass_ID AS AssetID_1,
n2.AssetClass_ID AS AssetID_2,
SUM(n1.RunResults_Value) AS sum1,
SUM(n2.RunResults_Value) AS sum2,
SUM(n1.RunResults_Value * n1.RunResults_Value) AS sum1sq,
SUM(n2.RunResults_Value * n2.RunResults_Value) AS sum2sq,
SUM(n1.RunResults_Value * n2.RunResults_Value) AS psum,
COUNT(*) AS n
FROM
dbo.tbl_RunResults AS n1
LEFT JOIN dbo.tbl_RunResults AS n2 ON n1.Simulation_ID = n2.Simulation_ID
WHERE
n1.AssetClass_ID < n2.AssetClass_ID AND
n1.series_ID = 2332 AND
n2.series_ID = 2332
GROUP BY
n1.AssetClass_ID, n2.AssetClass_ID) AS step1
ORDER BY
AssetID_1
Ответы пока соответствуют встроенным функциям Excel, так что хорошо.