Oracle:
SELECT DATA_LENGTH, DATA_PRECISION
FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = :TableName
AND COLUMN_NAME = :ColumnName
Firebird (+ Interbase):
SELECT
rdb$field_scale,
rdb$field_precision
FROM rdb$relations r
JOIN rdb$relation_fields rf
ON rf.rdb$relation_name = r.rdb$relation_name
JOIN rdb$fields fld
ON rf.rdb$field_source = fld.rdb$field_name
WHERE r.rdb$relation_name = :TableName
AND rf.rdb$field_name = :ColumnName
MySql (не проверено!):
SELECT
NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_SCALE
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE
TABLE_NAME = :TableName AND
COLUMN_NAME = :ColumnName