Это то, что вы хотите?Обратите внимание на свойство GridSplitter ResizeBehavior.
<Grid >
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="5*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<TreeView>
<TreeViewItem Header="1">
<TreeViewItem Header="2">
<TreeViewItem Header="3"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="3">
<TreeViewItem Header="4"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="5"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="6"/>
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
<GridSplitter Grid.Column="1" Width="10" ResizeDirection="Columns" ResizeBehavior="PreviousAndNext"/>
<Canvas Grid.Column="2" Background="LightGray"/>
</Grid>
Редактировать: Вот рабочий пример, показывающий оба подхода.Если это не то, что вы хотите, то, пожалуйста, так и скажите.
<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
Title="MainWindow" d:DesignWidth="516" d:DesignHeight="310">
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
<RowDefinition Height="*"/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Label Content="Change size of content"/>
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" Grid.Row="1" Margin="10">
<Expander Header="Expander" >
<Grid >
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="5*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<TreeView>
<TreeViewItem Header="1">
<TreeViewItem Header="2">
<TreeViewItem Header="3"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="3">
<TreeViewItem Header="4"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="5"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="6"/>
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
<GridSplitter Grid.Column="1" Width="10" ResizeDirection="Columns" ResizeBehavior="PreviousAndNext"/>
<Canvas Grid.Column="2" Background="LightGray"/>
</Grid>
</Expander>
</Border>
<Label Content="Change size of expander" Grid.Column="1"/>
<Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Margin="10">
<Grid >
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="5*"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="auto"/>
<ColumnDefinition Width="2*"/>
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<Expander>
<TreeView>
<TreeViewItem Header="1">
<TreeViewItem Header="2">
<TreeViewItem Header="3"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="3">
<TreeViewItem Header="4"/>
</TreeViewItem>
<TreeViewItem Header="5"/>
<TreeViewItem Header="6"/>
</TreeViewItem>
</TreeView>
</Expander>
<GridSplitter Grid.Column="1" Width="10" ResizeDirection="Columns" ResizeBehavior="PreviousAndNext"/>
<Canvas Grid.Column="2" Background="LightGray"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
</Grid>
</Window>