Разница заключается в конкретном используемом формате сжатия.Из javadoc для DeflaterOutputStream:
public class DeflaterOutputStream
extends FilterOutputStream
This class implements an output stream filter for compressing data in the "deflate" compression format. It is also used as the basis for other types of compression filters, such as GZIPOutputStream.
GZIPOutputStream говорит :
public class GZIPOutputStream
extends DeflaterOutputStream
This class implements a stream filter for writing compressed data in the GZIP file format.
Поток GZIP расширяет реализацию Deflate дополнительными подробностямив файл формата GZIP.