Вот решение, которое я придумал (+ слишком много комментариев):
# A set of 64 characters, which allows a maximum chunk length of 6 .. because
# int('111111', 2) == 63 (plus zero)
charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
def encode(bin_string):
# Split the string of 1s and 0s into lengths of 6.
chunks = [bin_string[i:i+6] for i in range(0, len(bin_string), 6)]
# Store the length of the last chunk so that we can add that as the last bit
# of data so that we know how much to pad the last chunk when decoding.
last_chunk_length = len(chunks[-1])
# Convert each chunk from binary into a decimal
decimals = [int(chunk, 2) for chunk in chunks]
# Add the length of our last chunk to our list of decimals.
decimals.append(last_chunk_length)
# Produce an ascii string by using each decimal as an index of our charset.
ascii_string = ''.join([charset[i] for i in decimals])
return ascii_string
def decode(ascii_string):
# Convert each character to a decimal using its index in the charset.
decimals = [charset.index(char) for char in ascii_string]
# Take last decimal which is the final chunk length, and the second to last
# decimal which is the final chunk, and keep them for later to be padded
# appropriately and appended.
last_chunk_length, last_decimal = decimals.pop(-1), decimals.pop(-1)
# Take each decimal, convert it to a binary string (removing the 0b from the
# beginning, and pad it to 6 digits long.
bin_string = ''.join([bin(decimal)[2:].zfill(6) for decimal in decimals])
# Add the last decimal converted to binary padded to the appropriate length
bin_string += bin(last_decimal)[2:].zfill(last_chunk_length)
return bin_string
Итак:
>>> bin_string = '000111000010101010101000101001110'
>>> encode(bin_string)
'hcQOPgd'
>>> decode(encode(bin_string))
'000111000010101010101000101001110'
И вот оно в CoffeeScript:
class Urlify
constructor: ->
@charset = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
encode: (bits) ->
chunks = (bits[i...i+6] for i in [0...bits.length] by 6)
last_chunk_length = chunks[chunks.length-1].length
decimals = (parseInt(chunk, 2) for chunk in chunks)
decimals.push(last_chunk_length)
encoded = (@charset[i] for i in decimals).join('')
return encoded
decode: (encoded) ->
decimals = (@charset.indexOf(char) for char in encoded)
[last_chunk_length, last_decimal] = [decimals.pop(), decimals.pop()]
decoded = (('00000'+d.toString(2)).slice(-6) for d in decimals).join('')
last_chunk = ('00000'+last_decimal.toString(2)).slice(-last_chunk_length)
decoded += last_chunk
return decoded