Если вы хотите измерить статистику областей переднего / заднего плана, интересным выбором будет regionprops
% img - variable containing original grey-scale image
% mask - binary mask (same size as img) with 0 - background 1 - foreground
% using regionprops to measure average intensity and weighted centroid,
% there are MANY more interesting properties ou can measure, use
% >> doc regionprops
% to discover them
st = regionprops( mask + 1, img, 'MeanIntensity', 'WeightedCentroid');
% get BG avg intensity:
fprintf(1, 'Avg intensity of background = %.2g\n', st(1).MeanIntensity );