Если ваша СУБД поддерживает cte, то примерно так:
Данные испытаний
DECLARE @tbl TABLE(name VARCHAR(100),id INT, manager_id INT)
INSERT INTO @tbl
VALUES
('adam',1,Null),
('nick',2,1),
('sten',3,1),
('iren',4,3),
('john',5,2),
('steve',6,3)
Запрос
DECLARE @id INT=6--Steve
;WITH CTE(name,id,manager_id)
AS
(
SELECT
tbl.name,
tbl.id,
tbl.manager_id
FROM
@tbl AS tbl
WHERE
tbl.id=@id
UNION ALL
SELECT
tbl.name,
tbl.id,
tbl.manager_id
FROM
@tbl AS tbl
JOIN CTE
ON CTE.manager_id=tbl.id
)
SELECT
*
FROM
CTE