Вот один из способов сделать это с SimpleMatrix, но я не тестировал код:
double[] x = { 2.5, 0.5, 2.2, 1.9, 3.1, 2.3, 2.0, 1.0, 1.5, 1.1 };
double[] y = { 2.4, 0.7, 2.9, 2.2, 3.0, 2.7, 1.6, 1.1, 1.6, 0.9 };
SimpleMatrix a = new SimpleMatrix(x.length,1,true,x);
SimpleMatrix b = new SimpleMatrix(x.length,1,true,x);
double meanA = a.elementSum()/x.length;
double meanB = a.elementSum()/y.length;
// X = X - mean(A)
CommonOps.add(a.getMatrix(),-meanA);
CommonOps.add(b.getMatrix(),-meanB);
// compute the covariance
double c11 = a.transpose().mult(a).get(0,0)/x.length;
double c12 = a.transpose().mult(b).get(0,0)/x.length;
double c22 = b.transpose().mult(b).get(0,0)/x.length;
SimpleMatrix covariance = new SimpleMatrix(2,2,true,c11,c12,c12,c22);