DECLARE @x TABLE
(Column1 INT, Column2 VARCHAR(64), TID VARCHAR(10));
INSERT @x VALUES
(42, 'INS{whatever}', '040'),
(43, 'somethingelse', '040'),
(44, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(45, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(46, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(47, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(48, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(49, 'INS{whatever}', '077'),
(50, 'somethingelse', '077'),
(51, 'somethingelse', NULL),
(52, 'somethingelse', NULL);
;WITH x AS (SELECT i = Column1, TID, rn = ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Column1)
FROM @x WHERE Column2 LIKE 'INS%'
),
y AS (SELECT x.TID, s = x.i, e = COALESCE(x2.i, 2000000000)
FROM x LEFT OUTER JOIN x AS x2 ON x.rn = x2.rn -1
)
UPDATE src SET TID = y.TID
FROM @x AS src
INNER JOIN y ON src.Column1 > y.s AND src.Column1 < y.e;
SELECT * FROM @x;