Это путь:
int width = bitmap.getWidth(), height = bitmap.getHeight();
int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
bitmap.getPixels(pixels, 0, width, 0, 0, width, height);
bitmap.recycle();
bitmap = null;
RGBLuminanceSource source = new RGBLuminanceSource(width, height, pixels);
BinaryBitmap bBitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));