При доступе к аутентифицированной веб-странице с файлами cookie и получаю Ошибка SSL .Похоже, что это специфичная для mac проблема, которую многие решают путем установки сертификатов python (как я пытался в терминальной сессии, изображенной ниже), но при попытке установки выдается исключение (Permission Denied).
Как исправить эту ошибку?
Код:
...
import urllib.request
opener = urllib.request.build_opener()
print("Cookies: ", headers["Cookie"])
opener.addheaders.append(('Cookie', headers["Cookie"]))
f = opener.open("https://home.nest.com/home/"+url_addtl_data)
print(f)
Сообщение об ошибке:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1318, in do_open
encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1239, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1026, in _send_output
self.send(msg)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 964, in send
self.connect()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 1400, in connect
server_hostname=server_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 407, in wrap_socket
_context=self, _session=session)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 814, in __init__
self.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 1068, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 689, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/Ryan/Desktop/Dev/Projects/Py/Database_intro/venv/main.py", line 97, in <module>
f = opener.open("https://home.nest.com/home/"+url_addtl_data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 526, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 544, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1361, in https_open
context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/urllib/request.py", line 1320, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:777)>
Попытка решения:
Last login: Sat May 11 03:44:45 on ttys000
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ /Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command ; exit;
-- pip install --upgrade certifi
Collecting certifi
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/60/75/f692a584e85b7eaba0e03827b3d51f45f571c2e793dd731e598828d380aa/certifi-2019.3.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: certifi
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
prefix=options.prefix_path,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 784, in install
**kwargs
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 851, in install
self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root, prefix=prefix)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 1064, in move_wheel_files
isolated=self.isolated,
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 345, in move_wheel_files
clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 316, in clobber
ensure_dir(destdir)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 83, in ensure_dir
os.makedirs(path)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/os.py", line 220, in makedirs
mkdir(name, mode)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/certifi-2019.3.9.dist-info'
You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 19.1.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 44, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 25, in main
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/subprocess.py", line 291, in check_call
raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6', '-E', '-s', '-m', 'pip', 'install', '--upgrade', 'certifi']' returned non-zero exit status 2.
logout
Saving session...
...copying shared history...
...saving history...truncating history files...
...completed.
Deleting expired sessions...30 completed.
[Process completed]
РЕДАКТИРОВАТЬ 5/19
Дополнительные терминальные сеансы (из предложенных решений):
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ sudo easy_install pip
Password:
Searching for pip
Best match: pip 19.1.1
Adding pip 19.1.1 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pip script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip3.7 script to /usr/local/bin
Installing pip3 script to /usr/local/bin
Using /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Processing dependencies for pip
Finished processing dependencies for pip
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ brew install python
Updating Homebrew...
Warning: python 3.7.3 is already installed, it's just not linked
You can use `brew link python` to link this version.
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ brew link python
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3...
Error: Could not symlink bin/2to3
Target /usr/local/bin/2to3
already exists. You may want to remove it:
rm '/usr/local/bin/2to3'
To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files:
brew link --overwrite python
To list all files that would be deleted:
brew link --overwrite --dry-run python
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ rm '/usr/local/bin/2to3'
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ brew link --overwrite python
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python/3.7.3... 24 symlinks created
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$ python -c "import ssl;print(ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)"
OpenSSL 1.0.2r 26 Feb 2019
Ryan-Cocuzzos-Laptop:~ Ryan$
РЕДАКТИРОВАТЬ 5/21
Попытка включить SSL в проект, и он выдал ошибку ... это кажется уместным, но, проверяя (и как показано выше), вы можете заметить, что python определенно использует OpenSSL v. 1.0.2r.
