В MySQL 5.7 и ниже вам нужно будет выполнить всю агрегацию в отдельном подзапросе, а затем выполнять деление по строкам:
SELECT ipm/maxipm,
pddmiskin/minpddmiskin,
ginirasio/minginirasio,
rasio_k/minrasio_k,
indks_pend/minpend,
indks_kes/maxkes,
ppk/maxppk,
tpt/mintpt,
tpak/maxtpak
FROM datakota d
JOIN (SELECT MAX(ipm) AS maxipm,
MIN(pddmiskin) AS minpddmiskin,
MIN(ginirasio) AS minginirasio,
MIN(rasio_k) AS minrasio_k,
MIN(indks_pend) AS minpend,
MAX(indks_kes) AS maxkes,
MAX(ppk) AS maxppk,
MIN(tpt) AS mintpt,
MAX(tpak) AS maxtpak
FROM datakota) minmax
В MySQL 8.0+ вы можете использовать оконные функциичтобы упростить запрос:
SELECT ipm/(MAX(ipm) OVER ()) AS maxipm,
pddmiskin/(MIN(pddmiskin) OVER ()) AS minpddmiskin,
ginirasio/(MIN(ginirasio) OVER ()) AS minginirasio,
rasio_k/(MIN(rasio_k) OVER ()) AS minrasio_k,
indks_pend/(MIN(indks_pend) OVER ()) AS minpend,
indks_kes/(MAX(indks_kes) OVER ()) AS maxkes,
ppk/(MAX(ppk) OVER ()) AS maxppk,
tpt/(MIN(tpt) OVER ()) AS mintpt,
tpak/(MAX(tpak) OVER ()) AS maxtpak
FROM datakota