Если ваша база данных равна mysql, вы можете использовать least()
select id_col,SUM(least(coalesce(col1,0),coalesce(col2,0),coalesce(col3,0)))
from tablename
group by id_col
ИЛИ
select id_col,
SUM(CASE WHEN coalesce(col_1,0) < coalesce(col_2,0) AND coalesce(col_1,0) < coalesce(col_3,0) THEN col_1
WHEN oalesce(col_2,0) < oalesce(col_1,0) AND oalesce(col_2,0) < oalesce(col_3,0) THEN col_2
ELSE oalesce(col_3,0) END) sum
from example_table
group by 1