Для практики я создал примитив синхронизации с именем KeyedLock, который допускает одновременные асинхронные операции только с одним ключом за раз. Все остальные ключи ставятся в очередь и разблокируются позже партиями (ключом). Класс предназначен для использования следующим образом:
KeyedLock _keyedLock;
async Task ChangeState(bool state)
{
using (await this._keyedLock.LockAsync("ChangeState"))
{
await OutsideApi.ChangeState(state);
}
}
async Task DoStuff()
{
using (await this._keyedLock.LockAsync("DoStuff"))
{
await OutsideApi.DoStuff();
}
}
Например, звонки ниже:
await ChangeState(true);
await DoStuff();
await DoStuff();
await ChangeState(false);
await DoStuff();
await ChangeState(true);
... будет выполнено в следующем порядке:
ChangeState(true);
ChangeState(false); // concurrently with the above
ChangeState(true); // concurrently with the above
DoStuff(); // after completion of the above
DoStuff(); // concurrently with the above
DoStuff(); // concurrently with the above
Класс KeyedLock:
class KeyedLock
{
private object _currentKey;
private int _currentCount = 0;
private WaitingQueue _waitingQueue = new WaitingQueue();
private readonly object _locker = new object();
public Task WaitAsync(object key, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
if (key == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(key));
lock (_locker)
{
if (_currentKey != null && key != _currentKey)
{
var waiter = new TaskCompletionSource<bool>();
_waitingQueue.Enqueue(new KeyValuePair<object,
TaskCompletionSource<bool>>(key, waiter));
if (cancellationToken != null)
{
cancellationToken.Register(() => waiter.TrySetCanceled());
}
return waiter.Task;
}
else
{
_currentKey = key;
_currentCount++;
return cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ?
Task.FromCanceled(cancellationToken) : Task.FromResult(true);
}
}
}
public Task WaitAsync(object key) => WaitAsync(key, CancellationToken.None);
public void Release()
{
List<TaskCompletionSource<bool>> tasksToRelease;
lock (_locker)
{
if (_currentCount <= 0) throw new InvalidOperationException();
_currentCount--;
if (_currentCount > 0) return;
_currentKey = null;
if (_waitingQueue.Count == 0) return;
var newWaitingQueue = new WaitingQueue();
tasksToRelease = new List<TaskCompletionSource<bool>>();
foreach (var entry in _waitingQueue)
{
if (_currentKey == null || entry.Key == _currentKey)
{
_currentKey = entry.Key;
_currentCount++;
tasksToRelease.Add(entry.Value);
}
else
{
newWaitingQueue.Enqueue(entry);
}
}
_waitingQueue = newWaitingQueue;
}
foreach (var item in tasksToRelease)
{
item.TrySetResult(true);
}
}
private class WaitingQueue :
Queue<KeyValuePair<object, TaskCompletionSource<bool>>>
{ }
public Task<Releaser> LockAsync(object key,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var waitTask = this.WaitAsync(key, cancellationToken);
return waitTask.ContinueWith(
(_, state) => new Releaser((KeyedLock)state),
this, cancellationToken,
TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously,
TaskScheduler.Default
);
}
public Task<Releaser> LockAsync(object key)
=> LockAsync(key, CancellationToken.None);
public struct Releaser : IDisposable
{
private readonly KeyedLock _parent;
internal Releaser(KeyedLock parent) { _parent = parent; }
public void Dispose() { _parent?.Release(); }
}
}