Я переписываю это с фактическими файлами, которые я использовал (но сильно раздетый. И мне нужно прекратить публиковать, когда я полусонный.)
Test.hpp читает:
/*
* test.hpp
*
* Created on: Apr 1, 2019
* Author: Mike
*/
#ifndef INCLUDE_TEST_HPP_
#define INCLUDE_TEST_HPP_
#include <U8x8lib.h>
#define R1 13
#define RGROUND 12 //the rotary switch is connected via header pins on the board for development.
#define R2 14
#define SWITCH 27
#define SCL 15
#define SDA 4
#define OLED_RESET 16
#ifdef U8X8_HAVE_HW_SPI
#include <SPI.h>
#endif
#ifdef U8X8_HAVE_HW_I2C
#include <Wire.h>
#endif
#include <RotaryEncoder.h>
#include "OneButton.h"
U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
void testFunc();
#endif /* INCLUDE_TEST_HPP_ */
/* end of test.hpp" */
test.cpp читается как:
#include <Arduino.h>
#include "test.hpp"
#include <U8x8lib.h>
#include <RotaryEncoder.h>
#include "OneButton.h"
void setup() {
u8x8.begin();
u8x8.clearDisplay();
// encoder.begin(); //there's no begin functions for either of these.
// button.begin();
}
void loop() {
encoder.tick();
button.tick();
u8x8.print("starting loop");
testFunc();
}
test2.cpp читает
/*
* test2.cpp
*
* Created on: Apr 1, 2019
* Author: Mike
*/
#include "test.hpp";
void testFunc(){
encoder.getPosition();
//do some other stuff.
}
При компиляции вышеизложенного возникает следующая ошибка:
Linking .pioenvs\uno\firmware.elf
.pioenvs\uno\src\test2.cpp.o (symbol from plugin): In function `u8x8':
(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `u8x8'
.pioenvs\uno\src\test.cpp.o (symbol from plugin):(.text+0x0): first defined here
.pioenvs\uno\src\test2.cpp.o (symbol from plugin): In function `u8x8':
(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `button'
.pioenvs\uno\src\test.cpp.o (symbol from plugin):(.text+0x0): first defined here
.pioenvs\uno\src\test2.cpp.o (symbol from plugin): In function `u8x8':
(.text+0x0): multiple definition of `encoder'
.pioenvs\uno\src\test.cpp.o (symbol from plugin):(.text+0x0): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
*** [.pioenvs\uno\firmware.elf] Error 1
Если я пытаюсь добавить три строки с extern
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
в файлы test.hpp и test2.cpp, а затем в test.cpp без extern, я получаю эту ошибку:
In file included from src\test.cpp:2:0:
include/test.hpp:34:46: warning: 'u8x8' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
include/test.hpp:35:24: warning: 'button' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
include/test.hpp:36:29: warning: 'encoder' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
src\test.cpp:8:39: error: redefinition of 'U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8'
U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
In file included from src\test.cpp:2:0:
include/test.hpp:34:42: note: 'U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8' previously declared here
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
src\test.cpp:9:17: error: redefinition of 'OneButton button'
OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
In file included from src\test.cpp:2:0:
include/test.hpp:35:18: note: 'OneButton button' previously declared here
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
src\test.cpp:10:22: error: redefinition of 'RotaryEncoder encoder'
RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
In file included from src\test.cpp:2:0:
include/test.hpp:36:22: note: 'RotaryEncoder encoder' previously declared here
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
In file included from src\test2.cpp:8:0:
include/test.hpp:34:46: warning: 'u8x8' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
include/test.hpp:35:24: warning: 'button' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
include/test.hpp:36:29: warning: 'encoder' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
src\test2.cpp:10:46: warning: 'u8x8' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
src\test2.cpp:10:46: error: redefinition of 'U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8'
In file included from src\test2.cpp:8:0:
include/test.hpp:34:42: note: 'U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8' previously declared here
extern U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/SCL, /* data=*/SDA, /* reset=*/OLED_RESET);
^
src\test2.cpp:11:24: warning: 'button' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
src\test2.cpp:11:24: error: redefinition of 'OneButton button'
In file included from src\test2.cpp:8:0:
include/test.hpp:35:18: note: 'OneButton button' previously declared here
extern OneButton button(SWITCH, true);
^
src\test2.cpp:12:29: warning: 'encoder' initialized and declared 'extern'
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
src\test2.cpp:12:29: error: redefinition of 'RotaryEncoder encoder'
In file included from src\test2.cpp:8:0:
include/test.hpp:36:22: note: 'RotaryEncoder encoder' previously declared here
extern RotaryEncoder encoder(R1, R2);
^
*** [.pioenvs\uno\src\test.cpp.o] Error 1
*** [.pioenvs\uno\src\test2.cpp.o] Error 1
[ERROR] Took 3.51 seconds
Поместив эти три в test.hpp без extern, а затем поместив их в test.cpp и test2.cpp с extern, я получаю примерно ту же ошибку.