вы можете получить информацию об ограничениях из таблицы, подобной этой
select t.Name as TableName,
ccd.Name as ColumnName_default_constraint,
dc.Name as default_constraint,
ccc.Name as ColumnName_check_constraint,
cc.Name as check_constraint
from sys.tables t
inner join sys.default_constraints dc on t.object_id = dc.parent_object_id
inner join sys.check_constraints cc on t.object_id = cc.parent_object_id
inner join sys.columns ccd on dc.parent_object_id = ccd.object_id
and ccd.column_id = dc.parent_column_id
inner join sys.columns ccc on cc.parent_object_id = ccc.object_id
and ccc.column_id = cc.parent_column_id
where t.Name = 'your table name'
order by t.Name
из этого вы можете создавать сценарии, подобные этому
select 'alter table ' + t.Name +' drop constraint ' + dc.Name,
'alter table ' + t.Name +' drop constraint ' + cc.Name
from sys.tables t
inner join sys.default_constraints dc on t.object_id = dc.parent_object_id
inner join sys.check_constraints cc on t.object_id = cc.parent_object_id
where t.Name = 'your table name'
order by t.Name