Может быть, это
drop table if exists t;
create table t
(id int auto_increment primary key,size int, sizecaption1 int default 10, sizecaption2 int, sizecaption3 int);
insert into t (id,size) values
(1,22);
insert into t values
(2,22,22,22,22),
(3,22,22,30,20),
(4,22,1,2,3);
select * from t where sizecaption1 =
(
select column_default from information_schema.columns
where table_name = 't' and table_schema = 'sandbox' and column_default is not null
) ;
+----+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| id | size | sizecaption1 | sizecaption2 | sizecaption3 |
+----+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
| 1 | 22 | 10 | NULL | NULL |
+----+------+--------------+--------------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)