Вы можете использовать:
document.querySelector('[name=retreat_locations]').value
Ваш код станет:
filterRetreats(document.querySelector('[name=retreat_locations]').value, this.value)
Демо:
function filterRetreats(value1, value2) {
console.log(value1, value2);
}
<div class="bar-option">
<label>Filter:</label>
<form>
<select name="retreat_locations" onchange="filterRetreats(this.value, 'count(reviews.retreat_id)')">
<option value="alllocations" selected="selected">All Locations</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
</select>
</form>
</div>
<div class="bar-option">
<label>Sort by:</label>
<select onchange="filterRetreats(document.querySelector('[name=retreat_locations]').value, this.value)">
<option selected='selected' value='retreat_number_of_reviews'>Popularity</option>
<option value='retreat_founded_in'>Age</option>
<option value='total_review_cost'>Cost</option>
</select>
</div>
Другой вариант старой школы - добавить тег id
к первому выбору, например, id="retreat_locations"
и использовать document.getElementById('retreat_locations').value
.