Как я могу исправить AttributeError: у объекта «_Screen» нет атрибута «onkeypress» в python turtle?

Question

Я программирую свою игру на Python, и я хотел добавить основное меню, в котором вы можете выбрать сложность игры.Но я получаю новую ошибку, которой раньше не было.Может кто-нибудь помочь мне, пожалуйста?

Вот код:

import turtle, random, math, time, os, sys
from pygame import mixer
from tkinter import *

def game():

    mixer.init()

    WIDTH = 800
    HEIGHT = 600

    fenster = turtle.Screen()
    fenster.setup(WIDTH, HEIGHT,0,0)
    fenster.title("Crossy Road von Julian")
    fenster.bgpic('back.gif')
    fenster.tracer(0)

    colors = ["white", "orange", "yellow", "blue", "gray"]
    images = ["a.gif", "b.gif", "c.gif", "p.gif", "f.gif"]
    music = ["m.waf"]

    sound1 = mixer.Sound("m.wav")
    sound1.play()

    for image in images:
        turtle.register_shape(image)    

    class Bus(turtle.Turtle):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Bus, self).__init__()
            self.penup()
            self.shape("f.gif")
            self.shapesize(1,1)
            self.setpos(0, 280)
            self.in_game_speed = 0.2
            # self.fillcolor("Gray")

        def update(self):
            self.goto(self.xcor() + self.in_game_speed, self.ycor())
            if self.xcor() > WIDTH:
                self.setx(-600)
                self.fillcolor("Gray")



    class Muenzen(turtle.Turtle):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Muenzen, self).__init__()
            self.penup()
            self.shape("circle")
            self.shapesize(0.5)
            self.pencolor("yellow")
            self.fillcolor("gold")
            self.setpos(0,0)
            self.y_positions = [-150, 200, 60 ,90]
            self.setx(random.randrange(-400,400))
            self.sety(random.choice(self.y_positions))


    class Auto(turtle.Turtle):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Auto, self).__init__()
            self.penup()
            self.shape("square")
            self.shapesize(2,5)
            # self.pencolor("blue")
            self.directions = ["left", "right"]
            self.direction = "left"
            self.in_game_speed = 2.3

        def update(self):
            if self.direction == "right":
                if self.xcor() > WIDTH:
                    self.setx(random.randrange(-600,-400))

            if self.direction == "left":
                if self.xcor() < -WIDTH:
                    self.setx(400)

            if self.direction == "right":
                self.goto(self.xcor() + self.in_game_speed, self.ycor())
            else:
                self.goto(self.xcor() - self.in_game_speed, self.ycor())



    class Spieler(turtle.Turtle):
        def __init__(self, auto, coin, bus):
            super(Spieler, self).__init__()
            self.penup()
            self.shape("p.gif")
            self.shapesize(1,1)
            self.setpos(0, -250)
            # self.pencolor("yellow")
            self.in_game_speed = 4.3
            self.speed(0)
            self.score = 0

        def right(self):
            self.goto(self.xcor() + self.in_game_speed, self.ycor())

        def left(self):
            self.goto(self.xcor() - self.in_game_speed, self.ycor())

        def up(self):
            self.goto(self.xcor(), self.ycor() + self.in_game_speed)

        def down(self):
            self.goto(self.xcor(), self.ycor() - self.in_game_speed)

        def powershell(self):
            os.system('start powershell.exe')

        def is_collision(self, other):
            a = self.xcor() - other.xcor()
            b = self.ycor() - other.ycor()
            distance = math.sqrt((a**2) + (b**2))
            if distance < 25:
                return True
            else:
                return False

        def update(self):
            for coin in coins:
                if self.is_collision(coin):
                    self.score += 1
                    scorecount.clear()
                    scorecount.write(self.score, font = font)
                    coin.setpos(0,450)
                    coins.remove(coin)
            for auto in group_6:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
            for auto in group_5:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
            for auto in group_4:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
            for auto in group_3:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
            for auto in group_2:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
            for auto in group_1:
                if self.is_collision(auto):
                    scorecount.clear()
                    self.score = 0
                    if auto.direction == "right":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                    if auto.direction == "left":
                        self.setpos(10,-280)
                        self.setpos(10,-280)

            if self.is_collision(bus):
                self.fillcolor("Gray")
                self.setpos(500,500)
                scorecount.setpos(0,0)
                font2 = ("arial", 40)
                scorecount.color("black")
                scorecount.write("Super!!!", font = font2)


    class Score(turtle.Turtle):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Score, self).__init__()
            self.hideturtle
            self.penup()
            self.pencolor("white")
            self.pensize(2)

    scorefont = Score()
    scorefont.setpos(200,-280)
    font = ("Germania One", 18)         
    scorefont.write("Geld:", font = font)

    scorecount = Score()
    scorecount.setpos(310,-280)

    coins = []
    for coin in range(3):
        coin = Muenzen()
        coins.append(coin)

    group_1 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(200)
        auto.setx(-400)
        auto.in_game_append = 5
        auto.shape("a.gif")
        group_1.append(auto)

    group_2 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(-50)
        auto.setx(-500)
        auto.in_game_append = 5
        auto.shape("b.gif")
        group_2.append(auto)

    group_3 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(180)
        auto.setx(300)
        auto.in_game_append = 5
        auto.shape("c.gif")
        group_3.append(auto)

    group_4 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(0)
        auto.setx(400)
        auto.in_game_append = 1
        auto.shape("a.gif")
        group_4.append(auto)

    group_5 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(100)
        auto.setx(100)
        auto.in_game_append = 1
        auto.shape("b.gif")
        group_5.append(auto)

    group_6 = []
    for auto in range(1):
        auto = Auto()
        auto.sety(-100)
        auto.setx(-50)
        auto.in_game_append = 1
        auto.shape("c.gif")
        group_6.append(auto)

    bus = Bus()


    spieler = Spieler(auto, coin, bus)

    turtle.listen()
    fenster.onkeypress(spieler.right,"Right")
    fenster.onkeypress(spieler.left,"Left")
    fenster.onkeypress(spieler.up,"Up") 
    fenster.onkeypress(spieler.down,"Down")
    fenster.onkeypress(spieler.powershell,"p")

    running = True
    while running:
        fenster.update()
        spieler.update()
        for auto in group_1:
            auto.update()
        for auto in group_2:
            auto.update()
        for auto in group_3:
            auto.update()
        for auto in group_4:
            auto.update()
        for auto in group_5:
            auto.update()
        for auto in group_6:
            auto.update()
        bus.update()


    turtle.mainloop()

def main():

    os.system('clear')
    diff=input('Wilkommen zu Crossy Road von Julian und Eren!\nLeicht = 1 | Mittel = 2 | Schwer = 3\n\n')
    if diff == 1:
        game()
    if diff == 2:
        sys.exit()
    if diff == 3:
        sys.exit()

main()

Игра должна запуститься, когда вы нажмете 1, но я получаю это сообщение:

AttributeError:Объект '_Screen' не имеет атрибута 'onkeypress'

Answer 1

Это проблема Python 2 против Python 3.в Python 3 onkeypress() был добавлен в отличие от onkeyrelease().В Python 2 есть только onkey().

Замените onkeypress() на onkey(), чтобы посмотреть, подходит ли это вам.

Бонусный совет:

Вместо того, чтобы делать это самостоятельно:

def is_collision(self, other):
    a = self.xcor() - other.xcor()
    b = self.ycor() - other.ycor()
    distance = math.sqrt((a**2) + (b**2))
    if distance < 25:
        return True
    else:
        return False

Попробуйте использовать собственный метод distance() черепахи, который делает то же самое:

def is_collision(self, other):
    return self.distance(other) < 25