Опция с tidyverse
library(tidyverse)
df1 %>%
summarise_if(is.numeric, diff) %>%
abs %>%
bind_rows(df1, .) %>%
mutate(Month = replace_na(Month, "Change"))
# Month A B C D E F
#1 Jan 1 2 4 8 4 1
#2 Feb 1 1 4 5 2 0
#3 Change 0 1 0 3 2 1
данные
df1 <- structure(list(Month = c("Jan", "Feb"), A = c(1L, 1L), B = 2:1,
C = c(4L, 4L), D = c(8L, 5L), E = c(4L, 2L), F = 1:0),
class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-2L))