Просто конвертируйте код R в эквивалентный код Python.
Item_Type - старое имя столбца
Item_Type_new - имя нового столбца
perishable = c("Breads", "Breakfast", "Dairy", "Fruits and Vegetables", "Meat", "Seafood")
non_perishable = c("Baking Goods", "Canned", "Frozen Foods", "Hard Drinks", "Health and Hygiene", "Household", "Soft Drinks")
# create a new feature 'Item_Type_new'
combi[,Item_Type_new := ifelse(Item_Type %in% perishable, "perishable", ifelse(Item_Type %in% non_perishable, "non_perishable", "not_sure"))]