Как правильно выйти из программы, использующей Boost Log?

Question

Пример программы ниже работает нормально, но valgrind показывает, что 520 байтов в 6 блоках все еще доступны после выхода.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

#include <boost/log/common.hpp>
#include <boost/log/sources/logger.hpp>
#include <boost/log/utility/setup/file.hpp>

#include <boost/phoenix/bind/bind_member_function.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>

namespace bl = boost::log;
namespace bp = boost::phoenix;

enum class MySeverityLevel
{
  panic,
  alert,
  critical,
  error,
  warning,
  notice,
  info,
  debug
};

BOOST_LOG_ATTRIBUTE_KEYWORD(Severity, "Severity", MySeverityLevel)
BOOST_LOG_ATTRIBUTE_KEYWORD(Channel, "Channel", std::string)

class Logger
{

public:

  Logger(const std::string& CH, const MySeverityLevel SEV):
  m_log(bl::keywords::channel = CH), m_channel(CH), m_severityMax(SEV)
  {
    m_sink = bl::add_file_log
    (
      bl::keywords::file_name = CH + ".log",
      bl::keywords::filter = bp::bind(&Logger::filter, this, Channel.or_none(), Severity.or_none())
    );
  }

  ~Logger()
  {
    this->terminate();
  }

  void terminate()
  {
    if (m_sink)
    {
      bl::core::get()->remove_sink(m_sink);
      m_sink->flush();
      m_sink.reset();
    }
  }

  void panic(const std::string& S)
  {
    BOOST_LOG_SEV(m_log, MySeverityLevel::panic) << S;
  }

  void debug(const std::string& S)
  {
    BOOST_LOG_SEV(m_log, MySeverityLevel::debug) << S;
  }

private:

  using ChannelValue = bl::value_ref<std::string, tag::Channel>;
  using MySeverityLevelValue = bl::value_ref<MySeverityLevel, tag::Severity>;

  bool filter(const ChannelValue& CH, const MySeverityLevelValue& SEV) const
  {
    if (CH && SEV)
    {
      return (CH.get() == m_channel) && (SEV.get() <= m_severityMax);
    }
    else
    {
      return false;
    }
  }

  bl::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::string> m_log;
  boost::shared_ptr<bl::sinks::sink> m_sink;
  const std::string m_channel;
  const MySeverityLevel m_severityMax;

};

int main()
{
  Logger lgA("A", MySeverityLevel::error);
  lgA.panic("A: Panic");
  lgA.debug("A: Debug");
  lgA.terminate();
}

Это вывод valgrind:

hekto@ubuntu:~$ valgrind --leak-check=full --show-leak-kinds=all ./tc0013
==48934== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==48934== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==48934== Using Valgrind-3.13.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==48934== Command: ./tc0013
==48934== 
==48934== 
==48934== HEAP SUMMARY:
==48934==     in use at exit: 520 bytes in 6 blocks
==48934==   total heap usage: 83 allocs, 77 frees, 97,276 bytes allocated
==48934== 
==48934== 8 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 1 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x4E98C61: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::get_severity_level() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x11723B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::severity_level<MySeverityLevel>::set_value(MySeverityLevel) (severity_feature.hpp:135)
==48934==    by 0x115E74: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:252)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== 8 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 2 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x4E9EF69: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::aux::this_thread::get_id() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x4E8BB96: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::core::open_record(boost::log::v2_mt_posix::attribute_set const&) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x118DEA: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:259)
==48934==    by 0x11825B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >::open_record_with_channel_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&, boost::parameter::void_) (channel_feature.hpp:195)
==48934==    by 0x1172B2: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (channel_feature.hpp:171)
==48934==    by 0x115E8B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:253)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== 16 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 3 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x512A5BA: boost::detail::add_thread_exit_function(boost::detail::thread_exit_function_base*) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_thread.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x4E98C9A: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::get_severity_level() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x11723B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::severity_level<MySeverityLevel>::set_value(MySeverityLevel) (severity_feature.hpp:135)
==48934==    by 0x115E74: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:252)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== 24 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 4 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x4E98C84: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::get_severity_level() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x11723B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::severity_level<MySeverityLevel>::set_value(MySeverityLevel) (severity_feature.hpp:135)
==48934==    by 0x115E74: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:252)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== 24 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 5 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x512A1BC: boost::detail::make_external_thread_data() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_thread.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x512A5AD: boost::detail::add_thread_exit_function(boost::detail::thread_exit_function_base*) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_thread.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x4E98C9A: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::get_severity_level() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x11723B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::severity_level<MySeverityLevel>::set_value(MySeverityLevel) (severity_feature.hpp:135)
==48934==    by 0x115E74: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:252)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== 440 bytes in 1 blocks are still reachable in loss record 6 of 6
==48934==    at 0x4C3017F: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==48934==    by 0x512A03D: boost::detail::make_external_thread_data() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_thread.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x512A5AD: boost::detail::add_thread_exit_function(boost::detail::thread_exit_function_base*) (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_thread.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x4E98C9A: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::get_severity_level() (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_log.so.1.65.1)
==48934==    by 0x11723B: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::aux::severity_level<MySeverityLevel>::set_value(MySeverityLevel) (severity_feature.hpp:135)
==48934==    by 0x115E74: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_severity_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_channel_logger<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, MySeverityLevel>::open_record_unlocked<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (severity_feature.hpp:252)
==48934==    by 0x114961: boost::log::v2_mt_posix::record boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::basic_composite_logger<char, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity_channel_logger<MySeverityLevel, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::single_thread_model, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::features<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::severity<MySeverityLevel>, boost::log::v2_mt_posix::sources::channel<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >::open_record<boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> >(boost::parameter::aux::tagged_argument<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::keywords::tag::severity, MySeverityLevel const> const&) (basic_logger.hpp:575)
==48934==    by 0x1135A5: Logger::panic(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) (tc0013.cpp:81)
==48934==    by 0x11097B: main (tc0013.cpp:120)
==48934== 
==48934== LEAK SUMMARY:
==48934==    definitely lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==48934==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==48934==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==48934==    still reachable: 520 bytes in 6 blocks
==48934==         suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==48934== 
==48934== For counts of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -v 
==48934== ERROR SUMMARY: 0 errors from 0 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)

В моем реальном приложении класс Logger живет в библиотеке, поэтому мне нужно его правильно завершить (завершение выполняется systemctl). Тем не менее, я все еще вижу исключения в syslog при выходе из приложения:

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<boost::exception_detail::error_info_injector<boost::log::v2_mt_posix::system_error> >'

Я думаю, что поиск способа избавиться от этих "520 байтов в 6 блоках" после выхода поможет мне ясно завершить работу моего приложения.

Как правильно написать функцию terminate (см. Выше) - для того, чтобы не оставить что-либо во внутренних органах Boost Log доступным?

• ОС: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
• Компилятор: g ++ 7.3.0
• Повышение: 1.65.1
• Valgrind: 3.13.0

Answer 1

tl; dr; boost.log безнадежно обречен, используйте что-то еще ...

Особой деталью в этих стеках вызовов является повторный вызов boost::detail::add_thread_exit_function, который является реализацией boost::this_thread::at_thread_exit, которая, очевидно, используется для выполнения некоторых действий по очистке, когда поток заканчивается. Однако эту функцию нельзя использовать с API-интерфейсами, зависящими от системы, и такими функциями, как exit. Как указано в документации:

В частности, возврат из main () эквивалентен вызову exit (), поэтому не будет вызывать никаких функций, зарегистрированных с помощью at_thread_exit ()

Так что boost.log не выполняет никакой очистки при вызове из основного потока. Более того, (помимо всего прочего) boost.log использует синглтон Мейера для хранения экземпляра основного контекста, поэтому пользователи библиотеки не могут контролировать время жизни основного контекста (и принадлежащих ему объектов) и подвержены статическому [un] порядку инициализации. фиаско.