попробуйте этот код:
def getSubsetColumnsByYear(dataframe, year):
df = dataframe
try:
startAt = df.columns.get_loc(year + '-01-01')
endAt = df.columns.get_loc(year + '-12-31')
return df[df.columns[startAt:endAt+1]]
except KeyError:
print('Not a valid year')
def testMethod():
import pandas as pd
data = { '2016-01-01':[1,1,1], '2016-01-02':[2,2,2], '2016-01-03':[3,3,3], '2016-01-04':[4,4,4], '2016-12-31':[31,31,31], '2017-01-01':[2,2,2],}
df = pd.DataFrame(data=data)
newdf = getSubsetColumnsByYear(df, '2016')
print(newdf)
testMethod()