Рисование прямоугольника (многоугольника) под картой является одним из решений.Вот рабочий код, который вы можете попробовать.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
from matplotlib.collections import PolyCollection
map = Basemap()
fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
ax.azim = 270
ax.elev = 50
ax.dist = 8
ax.add_collection3d(map.drawcoastlines(linewidth=0.20))
ax.add_collection3d(map.drawcountries(linewidth=0.15))
polys = []
for polygon in map.landpolygons:
polys.append(polygon.get_coords())
# This fills polygons with colors
lc = PolyCollection(polys, edgecolor='black', linewidth=0.3, \
facecolor='#BBAAAA', alpha=1.0, closed=False)
lcs = ax.add_collection3d(lc, zs=0) # set zero zs
# Create underlying blue color rectangle
# It's `zs` value is -0.003, so it is plotted below land polygons
bpgon = np.array([[-180., -90],
[-180, 90],
[180, 90],
[180, -90]])
polys2 = []
polys2.append(bpgon)
lc2 = PolyCollection(polys2, edgecolor='none', linewidth=0.1, \
facecolor='#445599', alpha=1.0, closed=False)
lcs2 = ax.add_collection3d(lc2, zs=-0.003) # set negative zs value
plt.show()
Полученный график:
![enter image description here](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2by26.png)