Спасибо @chepner за подсказку.Вот что я нашел в zshexpn
руководстве:
${=spec}
Perform word splitting using the rules for SH_WORD_SPLIT during the evaluation of spec, but regardless of whether the parameter appears in double quotes; if the `=' is
doubled, turn it off. This forces parameter expansions to be split into separate words before substitution, using IFS as a delimiter. This is done by default in most
other shells.
Note that splitting is applied to word in the assignment forms of spec before the assignment to name is performed. This affects the result of array assignments with the A
flag.
${~spec}
Turn on the GLOB_SUBST option for the evaluation of spec; if the `~' is doubled, turn it off. When this option is set, the string resulting from the expansion will be in‐
terpreted as a pattern anywhere that is possible, such as in filename expansion and filename generation and pattern-matching contexts like the right hand side of the `='
and `!=' operators in conditions.
In nested substitutions, note that the effect of the ~ applies to the result of the current level of substitution. A surrounding pattern operation on the result may can‐
cel it. Hence, for example, if the parameter foo is set to *, ${~foo//\*/*.c} is substituted by the pattern *.c, which may be expanded by filename generation, but
${${~foo}//\*/*.c} substitutes to the string *.c, which will not be further expanded.
Так что ~
позволяет использовать глобирование, которое заменяет шаблоны (спецификации) именами файлов.==
гарантирует, что разделение слов отключено для строк в кавычках.
Например:
$ touch foo bar
$ spec='fo* ba*'
$ echo $~spec
zsh: no matches found: fo* ba*
$ echo $~=spec
foo bar
$ echo $~==spec
zsh: no matches found: fo* ba*
$ function test1() { printf '1=%s 2=%s\n' $1 $2; }
$ test1 $spec
1=fo* ba* 2=
$ test1 $~spec
zsh: no matches found: fo* ba*
$ test1 $~=spec
1=foo 2=bar
$ test1 $~==spec
zsh: no matches found: fo* ba*
$ test1 $=spec
1=fo* 2=ba*