Мы могли бы использовать parse_number
library(dplyr)
library(readr)
df2 <- df1 %>%
mutate(col2 = parse_number(as.character(col2)))
df2
# col1 col2
#1 s 64
#2 a 63
#3 b 63
Или использовать base R
с sub
as.numeric( sub("\\D+([0-9.]+)[^0-9]+.*", "\\1", df1$col2))
data
df1 <- structure(list(col1 = c("s", "a", "b"), col2 = structure(3:1, .Label = c("['63.0', '1']",
"['63.0', '2']", "['64.0', '2']"), class = "factor")), row.names = c(NA,
-3L), class = "data.frame")