Используйте рекомендации по ограничению размера для решения проблемы с различными размерами экрана.
Ниже вы найдете обновленный файл xml для решения проблемы с размерами экрана с использованием рекомендаций.
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView5"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline4"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline3"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book5" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView1"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline4"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline7"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book1" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView3"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline17"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline9"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book3" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView4"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline13"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline6"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book4" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView2"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline14"
app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/guideline1"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book2" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/winner"
android:layout_width="78dp"
android:layout_height="117dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline16"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline3"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_launcher_foreground" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/start"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline5"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline6"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_startt" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView6"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline12"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline6"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book6" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView7"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline15"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline1"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book7" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView8"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline11"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline1"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book8" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView9"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline15"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline9"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book9" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView10"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/guideline18"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/guideline8"
app:srcCompat="@drawable/ic_book10" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.15" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.21" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.36" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline7"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.43" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline8"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.78" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline9"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.82" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.78" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline11"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.71" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline12"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.55" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline13"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.36" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline15"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.23" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline16"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.14" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline14"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.42" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline18"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.44" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.86" />
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
android:id="@+id/guideline17"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="horizontal"
app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.87" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
Подробно о руководящих принципах можно узнать здесь
https://constraintlayout.com/basics/guidelines.html
Что касается обработки размеров изображений для разных экранов, вы можете создавать разные файлы изображений для разные размеры.
res/drawable-mdpi/graphic.png // bitmap for medium-density
res/drawable-hdpi/graphic.png // bitmap for high-density
res/drawable-xhdpi/graphic.png // bitmap for extra-high-density
res/drawable-xxhdpi/graphic.png // bitmap for extra-extra-high-density