Чтобы построить идею @Bob Probst, вы можете попробовать динамический SQL следующим образом:
-- Set these!
declare @tableName nvarchar(128)= 'MyTableName'
declare @searchString nvarchar(max)= '%something%'
-- Build SQL query
declare @sql nvarchar(max)
select @sql = isnull(@sql + 'or ', 'select * from ' + @tableName + ' where ' )
+ '[' + column_name + '] like ''' + replace(@searchString, '''', '''''') + ''' '
from information_schema.columns
where table_name = @tableName
-- Could use this where clause for only comparing string fields (or eliminating image and such)
--and data_type in ('varchar', 'char','nvarchar', 'nchar')
-- Run SQL query
print (@sql) -- For debug
exec (@sql)