Другое решение Python, на этот раз использующее Python PyKE (Python Knowledge Engine). Конечно, это более многословно, чем использование Python-модуля «ограничение» в решении @ J.F.Sebastian, но оно предоставляет интересное сравнение для любого, кто ищет движок необработанных знаний для такого рода проблем.
clues.kfb
categories( POSITION, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) # There are five houses.
categories( HOUSE_COLOR, blue, red, green, white, yellow ) # Each house has its own unique color.
categories( NATIONALITY, Norwegian, German, Dane, Swede, English ) # All house owners are of different nationalities.
categories( PET, birds, dog, cats, horse, zebra ) # They all have different pets.
categories( DRINK, tea, coffee, milk, beer, water ) # They all drink different drinks.
categories( SMOKE, Blend, Prince, 'Blue Master', Dunhill, 'Pall Mall' ) # They all smoke different cigarettes.
related( NATIONALITY, English, HOUSE_COLOR, red ) # The English man lives in the red house.
related( NATIONALITY, Swede, PET, dog ) # The Swede has a dog.
related( NATIONALITY, Dane, DRINK, tea ) # The Dane drinks tea.
left_of( HOUSE_COLOR, green, HOUSE_COLOR, white ) # The green house is on the left side of the white house.
related( DRINK, coffee, HOUSE_COLOR, green ) # They drink coffee in the green house.
related( SMOKE, 'Pall Mall', PET, birds ) # The man who smokes Pall Mall has birds.
related( SMOKE, Dunhill, HOUSE_COLOR, yellow ) # In the yellow house they smoke Dunhill.
related( POSITION, 3, DRINK, milk ) # In the middle house they drink milk.
related( NATIONALITY, Norwegian, POSITION, 1 ) # The Norwegian lives in the first house.
next_to( SMOKE, Blend, PET, cats ) # The man who smokes Blend lives in the house next to the house with cats.
next_to( SMOKE, Dunhill, PET, horse ) # In the house next to the house where they have a horse, they smoke Dunhill.
related( SMOKE, 'Blue Master', DRINK, beer ) # The man who smokes Blue Master drinks beer.
related( NATIONALITY, German, SMOKE, Prince ) # The German smokes Prince.
next_to( NATIONALITY, Norwegian, HOUSE_COLOR, blue ) # The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
next_to( DRINK, water, SMOKE, Blend ) # They drink water in the house next to the house where they smoke Blend.
relations.krb
#############
# Categories
# Foreach set of categories, assert each type
categories
foreach
clues.categories($category, $thing1, $thing2, $thing3, $thing4, $thing5)
assert
clues.is_category($category, $thing1)
clues.is_category($category, $thing2)
clues.is_category($category, $thing3)
clues.is_category($category, $thing4)
clues.is_category($category, $thing5)
#########################
# Inverse Relationships
# Foreach A=1, assert 1=A
inverse_relationship_positive
foreach
clues.related($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
assert
clues.related($category2, $thing2, $category1, $thing1)
# Foreach A!1, assert 1!A
inverse_relationship_negative
foreach
clues.not_related($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
assert
clues.not_related($category2, $thing2, $category1, $thing1)
# Foreach "A beside B", assert "B beside A"
inverse_relationship_beside
foreach
clues.next_to($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
assert
clues.next_to($category2, $thing2, $category1, $thing1)
###########################
# Transitive Relationships
# Foreach A=1 and 1=a, assert A=a
transitive_positive
foreach
clues.related($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
clues.related($category2, $thing2, $category3, $thing3)
check unique($thing1, $thing2, $thing3) \
and unique($category1, $category2, $category3)
assert
clues.related($category1, $thing1, $category3, $thing3)
# Foreach A=1 and 1!a, assert A!a
transitive_negative
foreach
clues.related($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
clues.not_related($category2, $thing2, $category3, $thing3)
check unique($thing1, $thing2, $thing3) \
and unique($category1, $category2, $category3)
assert
clues.not_related($category1, $thing1, $category3, $thing3)
##########################
# Exclusive Relationships
# Foreach A=1, assert A!2 and A!3 and A!4 and A!5
if_one_related_then_others_unrelated
foreach
clues.related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thing_other)
check unique($category, $category_other)
clues.is_category($category_other, $thing_not_other)
check unique($thing, $thing_other, $thing_not_other)
assert
clues.not_related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thing_not_other)
# Foreach A!1 and A!2 and A!3 and A!4, assert A=5
if_four_unrelated_then_other_is_related
foreach
clues.not_related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thingA)
clues.not_related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thingB)
check unique($thingA, $thingB)
clues.not_related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thingC)
check unique($thingA, $thingB, $thingC)
clues.not_related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thingD)
check unique($thingA, $thingB, $thingC, $thingD)
# Find the fifth variation of category_other.
clues.is_category($category_other, $thingE)
check unique($thingA, $thingB, $thingC, $thingD, $thingE)
assert
clues.related($category, $thing, $category_other, $thingE)
###################
# Neighbors: Basic
# Foreach "A left of 1", assert "A beside 1"
expanded_relationship_beside_left
foreach
clues.left_of($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
assert
clues.next_to($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
# Foreach "A beside 1", assert A!1
unrelated_to_beside
foreach
clues.next_to($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
check unique($category1, $category2)
assert
clues.not_related($category1, $thing1, $category2, $thing2)
###################################
# Neighbors: Spatial Relationships
# Foreach "A beside B" and "A=(at-edge)", assert "B=(near-edge)"
check_next_to_either_edge
foreach
clues.related(POSITION, $position_known, $category, $thing)
check is_edge($position_known)
clues.next_to($category, $thing, $category_other, $thing_other)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position_other)
check is_beside($position_known, $position_other)
assert
clues.related(POSITION, $position_other, $category_other, $thing_other)
# Foreach "A beside B" and "A!(near-edge)" and "B!(near-edge)", assert "A!(at-edge)"
check_too_close_to_edge
foreach
clues.next_to($category, $thing, $category_other, $thing_other)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position_edge)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position_near_edge)
check is_edge($position_edge) and is_beside($position_edge, $position_near_edge)
clues.not_related(POSITION, $position_near_edge, $category, $thing)
clues.not_related(POSITION, $position_near_edge, $category_other, $thing_other)
assert
clues.not_related(POSITION, $position_edge, $category, $thing)
# Foreach "A beside B" and "A!(one-side)", assert "A=(other-side)"
check_next_to_with_other_side_impossible
foreach
clues.next_to($category, $thing, $category_other, $thing_other)
clues.related(POSITION, $position_known, $category_other, $thing_other)
check not is_edge($position_known)
clues.not_related($category, $thing, POSITION, $position_one_side)
check is_beside($position_known, $position_one_side)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position_other_side)
check is_beside($position_known, $position_other_side) \
and unique($position_known, $position_one_side, $position_other_side)
assert
clues.related($category, $thing, POSITION, $position_other_side)
# Foreach "A left of B"...
# ... and "C=(position1)" and "D=(position2)" and "E=(position3)"
# ~> assert "A=(other-position)" and "B=(other-position)+1"
left_of_and_only_two_slots_remaining
foreach
clues.left_of($category_left, $thing_left, $category_right, $thing_right)
clues.related($category_left, $thing_left_other1, POSITION, $position1)
clues.related($category_left, $thing_left_other2, POSITION, $position2)
clues.related($category_left, $thing_left_other3, POSITION, $position3)
check unique($thing_left, $thing_left_other1, $thing_left_other2, $thing_left_other3)
clues.related($category_right, $thing_right_other1, POSITION, $position1)
clues.related($category_right, $thing_right_other2, POSITION, $position2)
clues.related($category_right, $thing_right_other3, POSITION, $position3)
check unique($thing_right, $thing_right_other1, $thing_right_other2, $thing_right_other3)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position4)
clues.is_category(POSITION, $position5)
check is_left_right($position4, $position5) \
and unique($position1, $position2, $position3, $position4, $position5)
assert
clues.related(POSITION, $position4, $category_left, $thing_left)
clues.related(POSITION, $position5, $category_right, $thing_right)
#########################
fc_extras
def unique(*args):
return len(args) == len(set(args))
def is_edge(pos):
return (pos == 1) or (pos == 5)
def is_beside(pos1, pos2):
diff = (pos1 - pos2)
return (diff == 1) or (diff == -1)
def is_left_right(pos_left, pos_right):
return (pos_right - pos_left == 1)
driver.py (на самом деле больше, но это суть)
from pyke import knowledge_engine
engine = knowledge_engine.engine(__file__)
engine.activate('relations')
try:
natl = engine.prove_1_goal('clues.related(PET, zebra, NATIONALITY, $nationality)')[0].get('nationality')
except Exception, e:
natl = "Unknown"
print "== Who owns the zebra? %s ==" % natl
Пример вывода:
$ python driver.py
== Who owns the zebra? German ==
# Color Nationality Pet Drink Smoke
=======================================================
1 yellow Norwegian cats water Dunhill
2 blue Dane horse tea Blend
3 red English birds milk Pall Mall
4 green German zebra coffee Prince
5 white Swede dog beer Blue Master
Calculated in 1.19 seconds.
Источник: https://github.com/DreadPirateShawn/pyke-who-owns-zebra