Вы можете попробовать это:
df = pd.DataFrame({'ser': [[72197, 82086], [72197, 82086, 194665], [72230], [72235, 72690, 121261], [72235, 121261],
[72241], [72251], [72253, 83613], [72253, 83613], [72253, 83613, 101294], [72255, 122794],
[71962, 101646, 101663, 126351], [71962, 101646, 101663, 126351, 141883],
[71962, 101646, 101663, 141883], [72235]]})
df
ser
0 [72197, 82086]
1 [72197, 82086, 194665]
2 [72230]
3 [72235, 72690, 121261]
4 [72235, 121261]
5 [72241]
6 [72251]
7 [72253, 83613]
8 [72253, 83613]
9 [72253, 83613, 101294]
10 [72255, 122794]
11 [71962, 101646, 101663, 126351]
12 [71962, 101646, 101663, 126351, 141883]
13 [71962, 101646, 101663, 141883]
14 [72235]
supersets = []
for i, x in enumerate(df['ser']):
a = np.array([set(x).issuperset(set(row)) for row in df['ser']])
a = np.delete(a, i)
if any(a):
supersets.append(x)
print(supersets)
[[72197, 82086, 194665], [72235, 72690, 121261], [72235, 121261], [72253, 83613], [72253, 83613], [72253, 83613, 101294], [71962, 101646, 101663, 126351, 141883]]
Неэффективно использовать списки последовательно или в Dataframe